Background: Premature rupture of the membrane (PROM) is associated with high maternal as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality risks. Most women will go into labor on their own within 24 hours. Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (preterm PROM) History: a person with PROM typically recalls a sudden "gush" of fluid loss from the vagina, or steady loss of small amounts of fluid. Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is when the amniotic sac breaks before you go into labor. [8] The risk of infection increases the longer the membranes remain open and baby undelivered. [11] If a woman strongly does not want to be induced, watchful waiting is an acceptable option as long as there is no sign of infection, the fetus is not in distress, and she is aware and accepts the risks of PPROM. In multiple gestation, premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM) is an important risk factor for premature delivery and intrauterine infection. Normally, the sac breaks after labor begins and contractions have started. When PROM occurs before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy, it usually leads to preterm labor. Prelabor rupture of the membranes is the leaking of amniotic fluid from around the fetus at any time before labor starts. [2] Time may also be provided for labor to begin spontaneously. Giving the mother medications called corticosteroids that may help mature the lungs of the fetus (lung immaturity is a major problem of premature babies). Polyhydramnios [11], If PROM occurs before 37 weeks, it is called preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), and the baby and mother are at greater risk of complications. When your body gets ready to deliver the baby, the water breaks and drains through your vagina. Treatment. [2] Diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and speculum exam and may be supported by testing the vaginal fluid or by ultrasound. [11][12], Both expectant management (watchful waiting) and an induction of labor (artificially stimulating labor) are considered in this case. PPROM (before 37 weeks) occurs in about 2 percent of all pregnancies. Ultrasound. [2] If it occurs before 37 weeks it is known as PPROM (‘preterm’ prelabour rupture of membranes) otherwise it is known as term PROM. About half of women will give birth within 5 hours, and 95% will give birth within 28 hours without any intervention. 3401 Civic Center Blvd. [11], In 2017, a review of watchful waiting vs the early birth strategy was conducted to ascertain which was associated with a lower overall risk. The study used total sa… Normally, the sac breaks after labor begins and contractions have started. Premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM) is when the fetal membranes break prior to labor. [11] Since there are significantly fewer preterm deliveries than term deliveries, the number of PPROM cases make up only about 5% of all cases of PROM. However, each woman may experience symptoms differently. [19], At any gestational age, an opening in the fetal membranes provides a route for bacteria to enter the womb. Ultrasounds are used to view internal organs as they function, and to assess how much fluid is around the baby. If PROM happens before 37 weeks of pregnancy, it is called preterm PROM. [9], PROM after second-trimester amniocentesis, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, "Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37 weeks' gestation for improving pregnancy outcome", "Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term", "Amnioinfusion for third trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes", "Sealing procedures for preterm prelabour rupture of membranes", "Tocolysis for preterm labor: expert opinion", Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prelabor_rupture_of_membranes&oldid=995924495, Disorders originating in the perinatal period, Maternal disorders predominantly related to pregnancy, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Positive fern test with amniotic fluid as seen under the microscope, Painless gush or a steady leakage of fluid from the, Suspected based on symptoms and examination, supported by testing the fluid or, Having had PROM or preterm delivery in previous pregnancies, Having had episodes of bleeding anytime during the pregnancy, Breakdown of collagen: collagen is broken down by enzymes called. neonatal intensive care unit). The majority of patients will deliver within one week when preterm PROM occurs before 24 weeks gestation, with an average latency period of six days.15 Many infants who are delivered after previable rupture of the fetal membranes suffer from numerous long-term problems including chronic lung disease, developmental and neurologic abnormalities, hydrocephalus, and cerebral palsy.